Non-Flowering Plants
Non-flowering plants, which do not produce flowers as their reproductive structures, fall into several different groups. The most notable non-flowering plants include
- Gymnosperms: These are seed-producing plants like conifers (pines, spruces) that do not form flowers or fruits. Instead, they produce seeds in cones or other structures.
- Ferns: These reproduce via spores and are not seed-bearing. Ferns do not produce flowers or fruits.
- Mosses and liverworts: Lower plants also reproducing by spores, not seeds, and lacking flowers.




